ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REN21 DATA AND KNOWLEDGE TEAM

Jad Baba

Ana Díaz Vidal

Erin Hampton

Janne Luise Piper

Andrea Wainer

Glen Wright

Hend Yaqoob

SPECIAL ADVISERS

Janet L. Sawin

Freyr Sverrisson

CHAPTER AUTHORS

Karsten Burges

Hind Couzin

Kristin Seyboth

LEAD TOPICAL CONTRIBUTORS

Akram Al-Mohammadi

Yasmine Arsalane

Amer Barghouth

Ruud Kempener

Maged Mahmoud

Ana Rovzar

RESEARCH ANDPROJECT SUPPORT

Nicolas Achury

Talia Contreras-Tapia

EDITING, DESIGN AND LAYOUT

Lisa Mastny (Editor)

weeks.de Werbeagentur GmbH (Design)

PRODUCTION ANDCOMMUNICATION

REN21 Secretariat, Paris, France

OTHER CONTRIBUTORS

Mohammed Abdalghafoor (Sustainable Development Solutions Network); Hassan Aboughalma (Georenco); Mahmoud Abou Elenen (GE Vernova); Damilola Adeyanju (Climate Group); Sanchit Saran Agarwal (The Energy and Resources Institute – TERI); Mohammad Ahmad (National Biotechnology Research and Development Agency); Alsamaoal Almoustafa (Syrian Atomic Energy Commission); Sami Alnabulsi (Independent Consultant); Nana Serwaa Antwi (Polytechnic University of Milan); Patrick Atouda Beyala (SOAS University of London); Firas Balasmeh (FB Group); Avrojyoti Barua (Asian Institute of Technology); Pablo Benalcazar (Polish Academy of Sciences); Padmasai Lakshmi Bhamidipati (UNEP Copenhagen Climate Centre); Mridul Bhatia (Green Hydrogen Organisation); Wemogar Elijah Borweh (University of Liberia); Elina Bosch (Becquerel Institute); Ayat-Allah Bouramdane (International University of Rabat); Alan Bravo (SP Global); Gonzalo Bravo (Fundación Bariloche); Thailys Campos Magalhães (Women in Cleantech and Sustainability); Milan Chen (Iberdrola Taiwan); Sreenivas Chigullapalli (India Climate Collaborative); Karim Choukri (University of Hassan II of Casablanca); Suani Coelho (Independent Consultant); Esmeralda Colombo (European Institute on Economics and the Environment); Evaldo Costa (University Institute of Lisbon – ISCTE); Nour El Houda Daas (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit – GIZ); Laura El-Katiri (IRENA); Williams S. Ebhota (Durban University of Technology); Thomas Fees (Inti Tech Solar); Eduardo García (ENERGY-W); Luis Daniel García Zúñiga (Independent Consultant); Karim Guernouti (Renewable Energy Development Centre – CDER); Nelson Hernández (Independent Consultant); Gabriela Hernández-Luna (Autonomous University of the State of Morelos); Rainer Hinrichs-Rahlwes (European Renewable Energies Federation); Catharina Horn (NOW GmbH); Mandy Hupfer (German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development); Soe Htike Aung (Independent Consultant); Alok Jain (Trans-Consult Ltd.); Pan Jiahua (Beijing University of Technology); Tarek Safwat Kabel (University of Sadat City); Christos Kalyvas (University of Hertfordshire); Kamil Kaygusuz (Karadeniz Technical University); Ånund Killingtveit (Norwegian University of Science and Technology); Deepak Kumar (State University of New York at Albany); Bharadwaj Kummamuru (World Bioenergy Association); Andrew Lawrence (University of the Witwatersrand); Maliya Lazli (United Nations Environment Programme); Alejandra Leon (World Bioenergy Association); Kevin Li (CarbonCare InnoLab); Nkweauseh Reginald Longfor (Sophia University); Josh Loughman (Climate Interactive); Detlef Loy (Loy Energy Consulting); Evi Makri (National Technical University of Athens); Jaideep N. Malaviya (Malaviya Solar Energy Consultancy); Celia Martinez (United Nations Environment Programme) Celia Martinez (United Nations Environment Programme); Jonathan Mhango (Independent Consultant); Leopoldo Micò (Solar Heat Europe / ESTIF); Golnoosh Mir Moghtadaei (Enertime); Pradeep Monga (World Biogas Association); Sabatha Mthwecu (Solar Rais); Abubakar Musa Magaga (Nigerian Institute of Transport Technology); Namiz Musafer (Integrated Development Association); Emmanuel Bernard Muzingwani (UNDP); Jesse Nyokabi (Quaise Energy Africa); Cynthia Omondi (Kenyatta University); Karim Ouamane (Independent Consultant); Olivier Ouellette (Natural Resources Canada); Lebeau Pemha (International Association for Partnership and Emergence in Africa – AIPEA); Lotta Pirttimaa (Ocean Energy Europe); Ramesh Poluru (The INCLEN Trust International); Gabriela Prata Dias (United Nations Environment Programme); Josep Puig i Boix (Eurosolar); Pallav Purohit (IIASA); Swasti Raizada (IISD); Bard Rama (Independent Consultant); Munira Raji (University of Plymouth); Shayan Razaghy (SunEdge Technology Inc.); Madan B. Regmi (United Nations); Christoph Richter (Solarway SLNE); Sara Rosen (Solar Cookers International); Heather Rosmarin (InterAmerican Clean Energy Institute); Emy Aditya Pramita Sari (ASEAN); Sanchit Saran Agarwal (TERI); Romanas Savickas (United Nations Environment Programme – Copenhagen Climate Centre); Ali Shahhoseini (Qazvin Islamic Azad University); Wilson Sierra (Ministry of Industry, Energy and Mining of Uruguay); Mweetwa Mundia Sikamikami (TiBE); Aretina Stefani (University of Groningen); Boris Stein (Independent Consultant); Costanza Strinati (Climate Policy Initiative); Abubakar Ibrahim Suleiman (Edinburgh Napier University); Richard Thonig (Helmholtz Centre Potsdam); Marie Blanche Ting (UNEP); Quang TranVan (pvpower.vn); Kelly Trumbull (The Nature Conservancy); Galyna Trypolska (Institute for Economics and Forecasting, National Academy of Science of Ukraine); Ioannis Tsipouridis (Meru University of Science and Technology); Rahul Urs (Khalifa University); Rodrigo Valdovinos (Institute of the Environment, University of Santiago); Walter Vergara (Climate Institute); Nematullah Wafa (CGN Europe Energy); Amin Yahya-Khotbehsara (Qazvin Islamic Azad University); Peter Yang (Case Western Reserve University); Hameedullah Zaheb (Kabul University)

This report was commissioned by REN21 and produced in collaboration with a global network of research partners. Financing was provided by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK).

A large share of the research for this report was conducted on a voluntary basis.