RENEWABLES 2024
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT

Renewables in Energy Demand

2024

Challenges and Opportunities

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Challenges

High initial costs: Despite the long-term savings, the initial costs associated with retrofitting buildings with renewable energy systems or constructing new buildings with these systems remain a significant barrier for many stakeholders.

Regulatory and policy hurdles: While many countries have supportive policies, others still face regulatory hurdles that slow 'the adoption of renewables in buildings. Inconsistencies in regulations across regions and insufficient governmental support can impede progress.

Slow growth in renewable heating: While renewable electricity has seen rapid integration in buildings, renewable thermal technologies such as bioenergy, solar thermal and geothermal have grown more slowly.

Opportunities

Government incentives and policy support: Enhanced government policies, such as subsidies and tax incentives, have greatly bolstered the adoption of renewable technologies in the buildings sector. Policies are also incorporating specific requirements for the integration of renewables and energy efficiency into new building codes and standards.

Growing market for net zero buildings: The market demand for net zero energy buildings is strong and growing, driven by both environmental concerns and long-term economic benefits. This trend is supported by significant increases in certifications and interest in high-performance buildings.

Global collaborations and agreements: International initiatives, such as the Buildings Breakthrough Initiative launched at COP 28, aim to make near-zero emissions and climate-resilient buildings the norm by 2030, highlighting a strong commitment to global standards and practices.

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  2. Figure 11 from International Energy Agency, World Energy Statistics Database, 2023, www.iea.org/statistics, all rights reserved, as modified by REN21. 2
  3. International Energy Agency, World Energy Statistics Database, 2023, www.iea.org/statistics, all rights reserved, as modified by REN21. 3
  4. Figure 12 from International Energy Agency, World Energy Statistics Database, 2023, www.iea.org/statistics, all rights reserved, as modified by REN21. 4
  5. International Energy Agency, World Energy Statistics Database, 2023, www.iea.org/statistics, all rights reserved, as modified by REN21. 5
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  8. Box 1 from the following sources: three to five times from International Energy Agency (IEA), “The Future of Heat Pumps”, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1787/2bd71107-en; new policies from REN21, “REN21 Policy Database”, 2023; Estonia from IEA, “EUR 80 Million for Apartment Buildings Retrofits – Policies”, 9 May 2023, https://www.iea.org/policies/17146-eur-80-million-for-apartment-buildings-retrofits; Ireland from IEA, “Support Scheme for Renewable Heat – Expanded Grants – Policies”, 11 May 2023, https://www.iea.org/policies/17361-support-scheme-for-renewable-heat-expanded-grants; Poland from IEA, “2023 Clean Air Programme Extension – Policies”, 20 April 2024, https://www.iea.org/policies/17230-2023-clean-air-programme-extension; Emiliano Bellini, “Slovakia Offers $156.1 Million for 2023 Residential PV, Heat Pump Rebates”, pv magazine International, 13 July 2023, https://www.pv-magazine.com/2023/07/13/slovakia-offers-156-1-million-for-2023-residential-pv-heat-pump-rebates. Figure 13 from IEA, “Heating – Analysis”, 2022, https://www.iea.org/reports/heating.8
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  13. Box 2 from UN Environment “The Buildings Breakthrough: Global Push for near-Zero Emission and Resilient Buildings by 2030 Unveiled at COP28”, 12 June 2023, http://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/buildings-breakthrough-global-push-near-zero-emission-and-resilient. 13
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  40. Global Alliance for Buildings and Construction, “2023 Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction”, United Nations Environment Programme, 2023, https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/45095/global_status_report_buildings_construction_2023.pdf. 40
  41. Funke Fakunle et al., “Major Barriers to the Enforcement and Violation of Building Codes and Regulations: A Global Perspective”, SPC Journal of Environmental Studies, 2 (1 March 2020): 12-18, https://www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/JES/article/view/30371/16248. 41
  42. International Energy Agency, “All Countries Targeted for Zero-Carbon-Ready Codes for New Buildings by 2030”, 2022, https://www.iea.org/reports/all-countries-targeted-for-zero-carbon-ready-codes-for-new-buildings-by-2030-2. 42
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  45. US Department of Energy, “Biden-Harris Admin Announces $530 Million for Building Energy Efficiency & Resilience to Cut Consumer Costs”, CleanTechnica, 20 December 2023, https://cleantechnica.com/2023/12/19/biden-harris-admin-announces-530-million-for-building-energy-efficiency-resilience-to-cut-consumer-costs. 45
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  92. Snapshot: Germany from the following sources: Erneuerbare Energien Hamburg, “Solarpotenzialstudie Für Hamburg. Nicht Nur Schietwetter in Hamburg!” March 2023, https://www.solarzentrum-hamburg.de/site/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/EEHH-Solarpotenzialstudie.pdf; German Federal Government, “Development of Renewable Energies”, 23 December 2022, https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-de/schwerpunkte/klimaschutz/amendment-of-the-renewables-act-2060448; Hamburg News, “Two-Thirds of Demand for Electricity Could Be Met by Solar Energy”, 4 May 2023, https://hamburg-business.com/en/news/two-thirds-demand-electricity-could-be-met-solar-energy; Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, “Klimaschutzgesetz”, 1 January 2024, https://www.hamburg.de/klimaschutzgesetz; Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, “Solar Energy”, 2024, https://www.hamburg.com/energy-supply/17042818/solar-energy; Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, “Photovoltaik-Pflicht: Hamburg nutzt Solarenergie”, 2024, https://www.hamburg.de/klimaschutzgesetz/17318142/photovoltaik-pflicht; German Federal Government, “Mehr Solarstrom, weniger Bürokratie”, 26 April 2024, https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-de/aktuelles/solarpaket-photovoltaik-balkonkraftwerke-2213726; Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate (BMWK), “Renewable Energy”, 2024, https://www.bmwk.de/Redaktion/EN/Dossier/renewable-energy.html; Solarwissen Selfmade Energy, “Solar-Städteranking 2022: (Fast) alle Städte errichten mehr PV-Anlagen”, accessed 10 May 2024, https://solarwissen.selfmade-energy.com/deutschland-ranking-solar-2022.92
  93. International Energy Agency Photovoltaic Power System Programme, “Enabling Framework for the Development of BIPV”, accessed 6 May 2024, https://iea-pvps.org/research-tasks/enabling-framework-for-the-development-of-bipv; Becquerel Institute, “BIPV Status Report 2020”, 2020, https://solarchitecture.ch/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/201022_BIPV_web_V01.pdf; ICLEI–Local Governments for Sustainability, “Urban Wind Power”, 2020, https://renewablesroadmap.iclei.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Urban-Wind-Power_final-1.pdf.93
  94. International Energy Agency, “Renewables 2023”, 2023, https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/96d66a8b-d502-476b-ba94-54ffda84cf72/Renewables_2023.pdf. 94
  95. International Energy Agency, “Renewables 2023”, 2023, https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/96d66a8b-d502-476b-ba94-54ffda84cf72/Renewables_2023.pdf. 95
  96. International Energy Agency, World Energy Statistics Database, 2023, www.iea.org/statistics, all rights reserved, as modified by REN21. 96
  97. International Energy Agency, “Solar Thermal Technologies Deployed in Around 400 Million Dwellings by 2030”, 2022, https://www.iea.org/reports/solar-thermal-technologies-deployed-in-around-400-million-dwellings-by-2030. 97
  98. International Energy Agency Solar Heating and Cooling Programme, “Solar Heat for Cities, Towns and Energy Communities”, accessed 17 November 2023, http://task68.iea-shc.org/Data/Sites/1/publications/Solar-District-Heating-Info-Package-of-IEA-SHC-Task-68.pdf. 98
  99. International Energy Agency, “Renewables 2023”, 2023, https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/96d66a8b-d502-476b-ba94-54ffda84cf72/Renewables_2023.pdf. 99
  100. J.W. Lund and A.N. Toth, “Direct Utilization of Geothermal Energy 2020 Worldwide Review”, Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2020+1 Reykjavik, Iceland, April – October 2021, https://www.geothermal-energy.org/pdf/IGAstandard/WGC/2020/01018.pdf. 100
  101. International Energy Agency, “Renewables 2023”, 2023, https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/96d66a8b-d502-476b-ba94-54ffda84cf72/Renewables_2023.pdf. 101
  102. International Energy Agency, “District Heating – Energy System”, accessed 6 May 2024, https://www.iea.org/energy-system/buildings/district-heating. 102
  103. International Energy Agency, “District Heating – Energy System”, accessed 6 May 2024, https://www.iea.org/energy-system/buildings/district-heating. 103
  104. Euroheat & Power, “DHC Market Outlook Insights & Trends”, 2023, https://api.euroheat.org/uploads/DHC_Market_Outlook_Insights_Trends_2023_36d6fe8924.pdf; Sem Oxenaar, Richard Lowes and Jan Rosenow, “Warming Up to It: Principles for Clean, Efficient and Smart District Heating”, Regulatory Assistance Project, 2 November 2023, https://www.raponline.org/knowledge-center/warming-up-to-it-principles-clean-efficient-smart-district-heating. 104
  105. Werner Weiss and Monika Spörk-Dür, “Solar Heat Worldwide Edition 2023”, International Energy Agency Solar Heating and Cooling Programme, 2023, https://www.iea-shc.org/Data/Sites/1/publications/Solar-Heat-Worldwide-2023.pdf. 105
  106. International Energy Agency Solar Heating and Cooling Programme, “Mixed Solar Thermal Market Development in 2022”, 14 June 2023, https://www.iea-shc.org/Data/Sites/1/media/documents/press/2023-06-14--solar-heat-worldwide-press-release.pdf; Bärbel Epp, “New Milestones on the German Solar District Heating Market”, Solar Thermal World, 19 December 2023, https://solarthermalworld.org/news/new-milestones-on-the-german-solar-district-heating-market. 106
  107. Werner Weiss and Monika Spörk-Dür, “Solar Heat Worldwide Edition 2023”, International Energy Agency Solar Heating and Cooling Programme, 2023, https://www.iea-shc.org/Data/Sites/1/publications/Solar-Heat-Worldwide-2023.pdf.107
  108. Bärbel Epp, “37 MW Solar District Heating Plant in the Netherlands with Outstanding Features”, Solar Thermal World, 11 November 2022, https://solarthermalworld.org/news/37-mw-solar-district-heating-plant-in-the-netherlands-with-outstanding-features. 108
  109. Werner Weiss and Monika Spörk-Dür, “Solar Heat Worldwide Edition 2023”, International Energy Agency Solar Heating and Cooling Programme, 2023, https://www.iea-shc.org/Data/Sites/1/publications/Solar-Heat-Worldwide-2023.pdf. 109
  110. ASHRAE, “Solar-Assisted Air Conditioning: What Engineers Need to Know”, ASHRAE Journal Newsletter, 8 September 2020, https://www.ashrae.org/news/ashraejournal/solar-assisted-air-conditioning-what-engineers-need-to-know.110
  111. Meticulous Market Research Pvt Ltd, “Southeast Asia Air Conditioners Market to Be Worth $8.66 Billion by 2030”, GlobeNewswire News Room, 28 August 2023, https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2023/08/28/2732630/0/en/Southeast-Asia-Air-Conditioners-Market-to-be-Worth-8-66-Billion-by-2030-Exclusive-Report-by-Meticulous-Research.html. 111
  112. United Nations Environment Programme, “Cambodia Sets Example for Climate Action in the Cooling Sector”, 3 September 2023, http://www.unep.org/technical-highlight/cambodia-sets-example-climate-action-cooling-sector; United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, “Cambodia Announces Its National Cooling Action Plan”, 17 November 2022, https://www.unescap.org/news/cambodia-announces-its-national-cooling-action-plan. 112
  113. Government of South Africa, “South Africa National Cooling Plan (NCP)”, 2023, https://eta-publications.lbl.gov/sites/default/files/sa_ncp_full_report_2023.pdf.113
  114. Fortune Business Insights, “District Cooling Market Size [2023-2030] Worth $44.46 Billion”, GlobeNewswire News Room, 17 October 2023, https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2023/10/17/2761170/0/en/District-Cooling-Market-Size-2023-2030-worth-44-46-Billion-Growing-Demand-for-Sustainable-and-Energy-Efficient-Cooling-Solutions-and-Rising-Installation-of-DC-Technology-to-Expedit.html. 114
  115. Snapshot: Africa from the following sources: Ayat Soliman and Saroj Kumar Jha, “Closing the Access Gap for Water and Sanitation in Eastern and Southern Africa: Raising the Ambition”, World Bank, 27 March 2023, https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/water/closing-access-gap-water-and-sanitation-eastern-and-southern-africa-raising-ambition; World Health Organization, “Electricity in Health-Care Facilities”, 31 August 2023, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/electricity-in-health-care-facilities; Sustainable Energy for All, “1 in 7 People Globally Currently at High Risk Due to Lack of Access to Cooling”, 17 May 2022, https://www.seforall.org/press-releases/1-in-7-people-globally-currently-at-high-risk-due-to-lack-of-access-to-cooling; International Energy Agency, “Africa Energy Outlook 2022”, 2022, https://www.iea.org/reports/africa-energy-outlook-2022; SophiA, “Sustainable Off-Grid Solutions for Pharmacies and Hospitals in Africa”, 21 March 2024, https://sophia4africa.eu; SophiA, “SophiA Solar Cooling Container”, accessed May 2024, https://sophia4africa.eu/sophia-solar-cooling; SophiA, “SophiA Solar Water Container”, accessed May 2024, https://sophia4africa.eu/sophia-solar-water-container; GEA, “What Are Natural Refrigerants?” accessed May 2024, https://www.gea.com/en/campaigns/natural-refrigerants/natural-refrigerants-climate-neutral; Institute for Energy Research, “Environmental Impacts of Lithium-Ion Batteries”, Institute for Energy Research, 11 May 2023, https://www.instituteforenergyresearch.org/renewable/environmental-impacts-of-lithium-ion-batteries; Oliver Schmid, Hochschule Karlsruhe, personal communication with REN21, 16 April 2024; SophiA, “Solar Technologies”, accessed April 2024, https://sophia4africa.eu/solar-technologies.115

Report Citation:
REN21. 2024. Renewables 2024 Global Status Report Collection, Renewables in Energy Demand

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